US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War - 3575 Words

US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War (Essay Sample) Content: The use of a Game Theoretic Approach to Analyze the Nuclear Arms Race between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War Name:Institution:Instructor:Subject: Date: Abstract The Cold war is until present one of the highly regrettable events in the entire human history. This was a time when an outbreak of war between the United States of America and the Soviet Union nearly brought the human race into looming extinction. Moreover, this era was full of paranoia and fear since each of these nations was heavily armed with sophisticated nuclear weapons. Strangely enough; a huge number of men, women, and children died out of this cowardice act. Similarly, thousands of cities, towns, and villages were destroyed not to mention the economic infrastructure of the two nations which nearly got stuck. After the war, many theories and approaches have been established explaining the reasons as to why these two nations had to take a negative turn in their relations. Subsequen tly, there have been plenty of perceptions explaining reasons of the aftermath events of the war. Owing to the above alluded facts about the absurd nature of the war, this writing will seek to establish a conceptual phenomenon surrounding the entire cold war between the US and the Soviet Union. For purposes of simplicity, this paper has been subdivided into three crucial parts namely; introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction part exposes a brief summary of the war, noting several key players and events. Thereafter, the body being the main part of this paper ascertains various aspects of the war in three sections. First, it establishes the history of nuclear arms race. Secondly, various types of games in game theory and their application to the race are highly exposed at this stage. Third, this section ends with a hypothetical Nash equilibrium for various scenarios that occurred during the nuclear race. Finally, this paper ends with a conclusion highlighting the main poi nts of study as established in prior sections. A wide range of resources have been used in the study to increase its ultimate precision. Introduction The coalition between the US and the Soviet Union throughout World War II actually developed out of dire necessity, alongside a mutual realization that each nation needed the other in order to defeat one of the most destructive and dangerous forces of the 20th century. In essence, these two nations had a common enemy. For that reason, the ideological differences between them were subordinated, though just for a little while for the sake of accomplishing a mutual agenda of defeating fascism. As an aftermath of this reciprocated cooperation, the foundation of the new international system was founded, out of which emerged the United Nations Organization. However, this shared coexistence between the US and the Soviet Union did not last for long as war broke between them slightly after the end of World War II. This war was later called the Cold War, and has since been used to describe the impervious relationship between the US and the Soviet Union between the year 1945 and 1980 (Roberts 2006). The rationale behind this war being referred to as Cold War is attributed to the fact that neither of the two sides ever battled the other. If this was so, then the consequences would have been too appalling. Nevertheless, they fought by the use of client states who fiercely fought for their ideologies on their behalf. For instance, South Vietnam was supported by the Americans to fight the North since it was anticommunist. Consequently, North Vietnam got is armaments from communist Russia to fight the south. As alluded above, it is evident that the two countries never had a direct battle as they avoided one another each time they were about to come into contact. Apart from USA, other key players in the war were members of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which is also known by the acronym USSR. USSR was originally a soc ialist state which existed between 1922 and 1991 and was found in Eurasian continent. It was governed by only the Communist Party which made it a single-party state. Moreover, it had its capital city at Moscow Russia. It had a total of 15 Soviet Republics which included countries that are presently known as Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, and the rest. The Cold War dominated the international relations for decades and for that reason, several major crises took place. Some of the aspects of the aftermath of the war included the Cuban Missile Crisis, Hungary, Berlin, and the Vietnam Wall among many more outcomes. The worrying aspect of the entire predicament was the alarming rate at which weapons of mass destruction were being manufactured. It is important to note that, before the Cold war, the Americans often depicted members of the Soviet Union as being the devil-incarnate. Likewise, the Soviet Union referred to the US using the same term. It is therere evident that this relationship be tween the two nations could not last for long. Subsequently, the distrust that took center stage during the cold war was actually present even before the end of World War II. Relations between the two sides got fierce when Joseph Stalin, who was then a Soviet leader, was told by Truman about an impending attack to the Japanese by USA. Truman stressed that US was going to use the most terrifying weapon against the Japanese. This rumor came to pass when reports about Hiroshima struck Moscow making it practically hard for the two nations to ever reach an agreement. In review, both sides had a highly equipped army. The Soviet Union had a vast army by the name Red Army which was led by Zhukov while the US had the most powerful and sophisticated weapon in the world. These weapons would lead the entire world into an extremely dangerous path. This is because it resulted to the development of armaments of awesome destructive nature as well as the creation of a number of fascinating policie s such as the Mutually Assured Destruction commonly known by the acronym MAD as shall be discussed in the subsequent sections. BodyHistory of nuclear arms race The US became the first nation in the World to manufacture and use nuclear weapons when they ruthlessly bombed Hiroshima as well as Nagasaki in the year 1945. These sophisticated bombs were dropped by the use of aero planes though it was soon after established that the bombs could have been far much effective if rockets were used instead of planes. This is because rockets were much cheaper, more difficult to destroy, and much faster while in air. As a result, US embarked on yet another mission of developing nuclear missiles by the help of a Germany scientist who had created the V2 Rocket during World War II (Blohm 2003). Nonetheless, the main hitch was establishing a missile that was very much precise and accurate. The main fault of the V-2 rockets utilized in the war against Britain at the final stages of World War II was inaccuracy. They failed to hit the intended target thus bringing unfavorable results. For instance, when the rockets were projected to hit London, they frequently landed several miles away. In fact, longer the distance covered by V-2 rockets, the less precise they became. As the US perceived their major rival to be the Soviet Union, they actually required missiles that could cover long distances without losing precision. Based upon that reality, once the Second World War was over, the US focused on creating Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles commonly known by the acronym ICBMs. After developing quite a number of missiles, in 1952 the US exploded their first ever hydrogen bomb. Even though H-bombs had smaller and lighter warheads, they provided huge explosions. In essence, weight had been a very detrimental issue in the accuracy of most bombs, and therefore with the development of these lighter missiles accuracy was enhanced to a larger extent. Various transformations took place w ith regard to armaments from USA and by 1957; the US had established the Atlas missile, which could cover up to 6,000 miles and hit within just a mile of its projected space. Strangely enough, the Atlas missile took more than one hour before being fired and for that case it was not suitable for a nuclear war. This setback did not last for long as towards the end of 1950s the US developed another missile by the name Minuteman missile which overcame the aforementioned hitch. This missile was unique as it stored its operating fuel within its engines. Fortunately enough, the missile could be fired within 30 seconds after an alarm. Additionally, these missiles were quite small and for that reason they could be kept in silos beneath the ground for purposes of fortification from an impending attack. Similarly, the US made Polaris submarines which were intended to ferry nuclear missiles. Since the submarines were under the protection of the sea, they could travel up to the Soviet Union wit hout their consent thus increasing the accuracy of the missile attack. In deed this was a hilarious achievement by the US since one Polaris submarine had the capacity to carry highly destructive power than any of the bombs dropped throughout the entire World War II period. As a result, the Soviet Union was very much concerned by these transformative armament developments by the United States. Even though they had actually exploded their first ever atomic bomb in the year 1949, their nuclear technology was very much behind that of United States. Funny enough, most of their missiles were relatively large and though they could cover long distances they fall very much outside the intended area. These troubles facing the Soviet Unions armament developments were increased when the US launched the U-2 planes. These planes made the Soviet Union missile location to be very much vulner...

The Adoption Process Should Be A Long Tedious Process

The process of adoption can be a long tedious process that in the end may not be beneficial to the adopted child. Some children are unfortunate and have troubled childhoods or may be abused which can impact the emotional and cognitive development of the child. Trauma during childhood is abhorrent because the child is creating connections and mild to severe stress or abuse can significantly alter the development of the child which can lead to problems in adulthood. Children are the future and should have a healthy childhood to help them prosper in adulthood. The adoption process should be simplified, while looking out for the best interest of the child as a whole. Adoptions agencies are supposed to be a great place to a child to adopt. They help you find the perfect babies, but it does not come without a price. Current adoption fees are way outside the price range of anyone who doesn t have a high income level. 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Whole Foods Market, Inc. - 1304 Words

Whole Foods Market, Inc. (WFM) was founded in Austin, Texas and is a supermarket chain concentrating in organic and natural foods. John Mackey, Rene Lawson Hardy, Craig Weller. The first store opened on September 20, 1980. Whole Foods Markets are located in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Since 1980, Whole Foods Market has remained committed to upholding their missions and values within their company. Whole Foods Market’s motto—â€Å"Whole Foods, Whole People, Whole Planet—emphasizes that our vision reaches beyond food retailing† (Whole Foods Market, 2014). Whole Foods Market has committed as an organization in â€Å"helping support the health, well-being, and healing of both people—customers, Team Members, and business†¦show more content†¦Whole Foods Market believes that the operation of a company should exceed beyond profits and focus on creating values and relationships within their communities. Whole Foods Market is â€Å"currently the 8th largest public food and drug retailer in the U.S., ranking #232 on the Fortune 500† (Whole Foods Market Annual Report, 2013). Food retailing has gained more competiveness over the years. Whole Foods Market, has been awarded, â€Å"America’s Healthiest Grocery Store.† Whole Foods Market’s â€Å"seek out the finest natural and organic foods available, maintain the strictest quality standards in the industry, and have an unshakeable commitment to sustainable agriculture† (Whole Foods Market Company Info, 2014). They believe that providing customers with natural and organic products, they are giving customers the most nutritious food and the best tasty food as well. â€Å"The quality of their foods is measured by nutrition, freshness, appearance, and taste† (Whole Foods Market Company Info, 2014). The company strives to create relationships and values within their community and their Team Members. WFM allows their

Fundamental Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance Essay Example For Students

Fundamental Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance Essay Machiavelli, Miranda, and Castigation were all humanist teachers. In Monorails book Oration on the Dignity of Man he says Once we have been born into this condition of being what we choose to be that we ought to be sure above all else Later he continues that God had created man higher than angels because man chooses to be good whereas angels are created to be good. This is an example of the worth and capabilities of humans in Monorails perspective. In Machiavellian perspective though, humans are untrustworthy and will deceive you the moment they have the chance to gain profit as he explains in his kook The Prince. Individualism is the belief in the primary importance of the individual. In Monorails Oration on the Dignity of Man he explains how Renaissance men are exceptional because they are depicted in the image of God. He stated that after God had created all creatures, he had the desire for another but every slot in the chain had been filled from angels to worms. He then created man so that he had no specific slot, instead men were capable of learning. When man philosophizes, he moves up in the chain. But when he doesnt he vegetates. Miranda made no mistake in adding that Renaissance scholars were very high in the chain because of their superior intellect. Some Renaissance authors also made their literature very exclusive to other scholars because the style and vocabulary was very difficult to read for common citizens. The reason they would do this is to show off how their intellect was superior to everyone else. Secularism is a view that religious opinions should be excluded from government institutions. Castigations The Book of the Courtier was secular because it allowed many different social classes of people to read about how a courtier is supposed to be courteous and what abilities he should practice. Some people who read this book werent courtiers but it still showed how one should be courteous. Not only was The Book of the Courtier available to different social classes, it was also available to people of different languages and religions. The final characteristic of the Italian Renaissance is a fascination with antiquity. During the Renaissance, scholars and artists were quite fascinated in studying the Greek and Latin Era. Many works of art such as the Statue of David were fashioned after Greek art. Machiavelli even described his nightly retreats into his library: At the door I take off my muddy everyday clothes. I dress myself as though I were about to appear before a royal court as a Florentine envoy. Then decently attired I enter the antique courts of the nourishment which alone is mine and for which I was born. Without false shame I elk with them and ask them the causes of the actions; and their humanity is so great they answer me. For four long and happy hours I lose myself in them. I forget all my troubles; I am not afraid of poverty or death. I transform myself entirely in their likeness. To conclude, the literature of Machiavelli, Miranda, and Castigation all made great attributions to the Italian Renaissance and thoroughly illustrated the fundamental characteristics of humanism, individualism, secularism, and a fascination with antiquity.

Understanding Lenora Chus Argument Essays - Rhetoric, Literature

Understanding Lenora Chus' Argument As a senior and college students, i've been prepared to be successful in my life for a long-term period. Even though i have studied in a school that is very modern, there are some school in other location such as china that are not modernized and could affect student's long-term life. Just the same as what Lenora state's in her editorial. Lenora appellate "Will the Next Steve Jobs Be From China?" written by Lenora Chu. Lenora is an American Writer and Journalist. She has worked as a television correspondent for Thomson Reuters and consultant to 'ities and the private sector. Her articles has appeared in CNNMONEY, The New York Times, Science, Christian Science Monitor and on National Public Radio and many more. She has come across a location in China in which still uses the Chinese Traditional Education System. The use of this system leaves student behind and not able to explore and be creative on their own. Instead, they are forced to take tests or exams every week or two i n order to check their position based on their academic system. Lenora mainly targets specifically the minister of Education's National Research Center. The secret behind taking time and writing her editorial is due to an event that occurred the day before. Students in Peking University study hall were taking an exam, which is located in Beijing, China. People have been 50% bias and 50% non-bias on her articles, writing, and editorials. Lenora claims the chinese education system is changing towards a creative education system, even though it's going very slow but it's progressing. Throughout her editorial, she is very persuasive due to the reasoning she provides the reader with. The use of quotations builds credibility in her editorial. She states the chinese leadership intents on improving the system. "There is nothing that should remain unchanged when it comes to reform of our educational institution." Wang Feng, a director in the Ministry of Education's National Research Center. Plus, this is an individual in which case has a background in the field, so this helps with logos and ethos. She incorporates specifics of what they are facing and how they are trying to solve the issue. Statistics are being used to show facts, so that once again the reader could start trusting her editorial, such as: "defined as the memorization of 3,500 distinct character" " American students students generally spend 90 minutes fewer in school each day..." Another one that quotes "of the nine million students who take the national college entrance exam, about two to three million will fail to advance into college." Lenora uses so many other statistics that leaves the reader with a good sense of mind and trust worthiness. She does not only make the audience intelligible of her side of argument but she jots down the other side of her argument and rebuts it very respectfully. That builds a good connection between the reader and the writer. Also, the first paragraph uses pathos to remind the reader of problems in their own schooling. The mixture of Logos and pathos are used to convince the reader, or persuade the reader in a sense. The editorial format is MLA, it does not contain any slang words that would dissuade the reader. Lenora is a professional writer and so words in favor of professionalism are engaged in her editorial. Although some people might disagree with my argument and say we should not be intruding into some other country's education system. This might be a bit difficult for some people to understand but what we should be aware of is that the more the education systems are similar, the more we would be able to come to an agreement due to the similarities of the education system and so same thinking. There are even websites and blogs promoting this cause. This editorial persuades the reader with the use of logos, pathos and ethos. Lenora uses several quotation throughout her editorial in various locations. She also uses statistics to provide a credible sense to the reader. The main ideology introduces a new, latest and workable education system for everyone. The newer education system will skyrocket the students into

Is abortion protected by the Constitution essays

Is abortion protected by the Constitution essays If one were to read the U.S. Constitution in its entirety and then be asked if abortion was protected by the Constitution with no prior knowledge or influence concerning the issue, it is my feeling that the majority would answer no. However the Constitution is so broad in its language, as was intended, that from time to time it becomes the duty of the U.S. Supreme Court to interpret it in order to meet the standards or today, hence making their decision the law of the land. However it should also be noted that none of the Justices on the Court were the authors, knew the authors, nor knew their intent as it would apply to todays society. In Roe v. Wade it was decided that women had a right to privacy and as such had the right to choose to have an abortion. While this is not specifically stated in the Constitution it was interpreted to be such through the fourteenth amendments guarantee of liberty and due process clause. However the Court also decided that the State had an interest in the fetus in the second trimester and even more so in the third (viability). In this case, planned parenthood v. casey, the right of the State was questioned on the basis of whether they could implement guidelines/rules prior to having an abortion, such as notifying a parent, or the husband if married, etc. The Courts decision in this case was that the trimester approach of viability wasnt practical and the State could set guidelines/rules prior to abortion in order to promote potential life as long as it did not create an obstacle in (undue burden) getting an abortion if the woman so chooses. While the above is all fine and dandy it still, in my opinion, does not answer the question on whether abortion is protected by the Constitution. Obviously any ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court becomes the law of the land and as such within the realm of the Constitution, or as most would say Constitutional. I am very torn on this issue as whil...

Electronic music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electronic music - Essay Example For instance, if there is a synthesizer voice from an electronic keyboard, then different processes need to be used to create responses. The attack of the synthesizer when it plays the notes and the release which is created is the beginning of this. There are also different ways to manage the voices of the synthesizer to create different effects and sound. Time shifts, delays, resonance and other specialized forms within the music create even more alternatives with the music, all which help to change the way in which the music sounds. The specialty of electronic music is based on the ability to add in the different sounds and special effects. If this is crafted in the right way, then it helps to create a specific reaction from the audience where they catch onto the sounds and accept these as the right approach to the electronic music (Puckette, 15). The challenge that is created with electronic music is to take the techniques and sounds that have been established with the genre and w hich have become popular among audiences. For a new sound to catch with the audience, the production has to use the same sounds or loops and create a different sound and feel. Many of the production artists focus on mixing the same sounds for a different way of making the expression or statement with the music. There are others which change this approach to create different sound production. Inventing new sounds, creating different loops and experimenting with different connections to the electronic music are some of the various ways in which this can be used to develop different sounds and ideologies which are related to the music. The result is the ability to establish a sound that audiences will respond to differently while creating some familiarity with the... This "Electronic music" essay describes the peculiarities of this genre of music. Pop music, classical, jazz and other forms of well – known styles are easily advertised with performances and appearances by famous artists. This is followed by CD advertisements that take place through different settings. Electronic musicians take a different approach than all other genre forms. This is based on the use of electronic mixtures, as opposed to linking to famous and well – known music styles. The approach which most electronic musicians take is to create settings that advertise the music without having to make appearances. Creating CDs, establishing an Internet presence or working with different innovative sounds that are then given to different musicians for advertising are some of the ways that this is used. Electronic musicians usually consider themselves as producers or composers, as opposed to performing artists. This distinction changes the way in which audiences discov er the electronic music and respond to the sounds that are available (Holmes, 337). One of the approaches which have been used with the electronic music genre is the establishment of creative class and the underground social groups that are interested in the music. The social groups that most electronic musicians advertise to are those that are considered off – beat or which belong to social clubs that are out of the mainstream and popular ideas. The social identity that is in the mainstream is attracted more to the performances of genres such as popular music.